Re: [開戰] 中介法

※ 引述《alex8725 (近鉄バファローズ魂不滅)》之銘言：
: ※ 引述《ensuey (*^-^*)》之銘言：
: : 推 babysylvia: 是不是造謠還是要法院認定 沒那麼誇張 08/19 09:39
: : 法院判決前行政機關可以懷疑你然後要標註警告
: : 這條是源自歐盟法律
: : https://www.ncc.gov.tw/chinese/files/22062/5532_220629_1.pdf
: : 第十八條第八項
: : 八、認定資訊是否為謠言或不實訊息不易判斷，且如由法院審理期程較長。
: : 爰參考歐盟二○一八年修訂視聽媒體服務指令 （ revised Audiovisual
: : Media Services Directive, Directive (EU) 2018/1808）第二十八 b 條第三項
: : (j)款有關相關業者應提供有效之措施與工具，並提升使用者對於該措施、
: : 工具及不實訊息之警覺意識之規範，於第八項明定各該法規主
: : 管機關調查數位中介服務提供者依使用者要求所傳輸或儲存之資訊，
: : 認屬為謠言或虛偽不實，並有違反法律強制或禁止規定者，且為避免
: : 或減輕公共利益之危害所必要，得於資訊限制令之聲請經法院裁定
: : 前，命該數位中介服務提供者對該資訊暫時加註適當警示圖文，使人
: : 易於辨識該資訊具有爭議。其中資訊為謠言或虛偽不實，且違反法律
: : 強制或禁止規定，指針對謠言或不實訊息有相關明文規定之法律，例
: : 如糧食管理法第十五條之一規定、農產品市場交易法第六條規定、傳
: : 染病防治法第六十三條規定、食品安全衛生管理法第四十六條之一規
: : 定、災害防救法第四十一條第三項規定及陸海空軍刑法第七十二條第
: : 一項規定。復為考量因技術限制或服務型態等因素，爰於第八項但書
: : 明定有窒礙難行者（例如部分連線服務或快速存取服務），得以豁免
: : 暫時加註警示。
: 我只能說以前老師要大家學好英文不是沒有原因的
: 剛剛到歐盟官網查了一下這個修正案，歐盟官網總不會造謠了吧？
: 第三項的原文：
: 3. For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2, the appropriate measures shall: be determined in light of the nature of the content in question, the harm it: may cause, the characteristics of the category of persons to be protected as: well as the rights and legitimate interests at stake, including those of the: video-sharing platform providers and the users having created or uploaded the: content as well as the general public interest.
: Member States shall ensure that all video-sharing platform providers under
: their jurisdiction apply such measures. Those measures shall be practicable: and proportionate, taking into account the size of the video-sharing platform: service and the nature of the service that is provided. Those measures shall: not lead to any ex-ante control measures or upload-filtering of content which: do not comply with Article 15 of Directive 2000/31/EC. For the purposes of
: the protection of minors, provided for in point (a) of paragraph 1 of this
: Article, the most harmful content shall be subject to the strictest access
: control measures.
: Those measures shall consist of, as appropriate:
: (j) providing for effective media literacy measures and tools and raising: users' awareness of those measures and tools.
: 這條是針對未成年人的上網保護，並不是「不實訊息」
: （第28條的第一款有規定保護對象：
: (a)
: minors from programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual commercial
: communications which may impair their physical, mental or moral development: in accordance with Article 6a(1);
: (b)
: the general public from programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual
: commercial communications containing incitement to violence or hatred
: directed against a group of persons or a member of a group based on any of
: the grounds referred to in Article 21 of the Charter;
: (c)
: the general public from programmes, user-generated videos and audiovisual
: commercial communications containing content the dissemination of which
: constitutes an activity which is a criminal offence under Union law, namely: public provocation to commit a terrorist offence as set out in Article 5 of: Directive (EU) 2017/541, offences concerning child pornography as set out in: Article 5(4) of Directive 2011/93/EU of the European Parliament and of the
: Council (*1) and offences concerning racism and xenophobia as set out in
: Article 1 of Framework Decision 2008/913/JHA.
: ）
: 簡單來說是未成年人、暴力組織以及刑事罪責等項目
: （來源：https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dir/2018/1808/oj）
: 然後今年的數位服務法，這個我沒看到，只能附上歐盟的新聞稿：
: https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_2545
: （資料來源是歐洲議會，總不會是造謠了吧？）
: 恩，同樣的我也沒有看到關於「不實消息」的規範
: 只能說這年頭英文老師叫你好好學英文真的不是騙你的

其實第28條b第三項第一句就提到：

"For the purposes of paragraphs 1 and 2, the appropriate measures shall be
determined..."，所以第三項所提到的手段是用於不只第28條b第一項，第28條b第二項
也是包含在內。

第28條b第二項原文為：

2. Member States shall ensure that video-sharing platform providers under
their jurisdiction comply with the requirements set out in Article 9(1) with
respect to audiovisual commercial communications that are marketed, sold or
arranged by those video-sharing platform providers.

Member States shall ensure that the video-sharing platform providers under
their jurisdiction take appropriate measures to comply with the requirements
set out in Article 9(1) with respect to audiovisual commercial communicationsthat are not marketed, sold or arranged by those video-sharing platform
providers, taking into account the limited control exercised by those
video-sharing platforms over those audiovisual commercial communications.

Member States shall ensure that video-sharing platform providers clearly
inform users where programmes and user-generated videos contain audiovisual
commercial communications, provided that such communications are declared
under point (c) of the third subparagraph of paragraph 3 or the provider has
knowledge of that fact.

Member States shall encourage the use of co-regulation and the fostering of
self-regulation through codes of conduct as provided for in Article 4a(1)
aiming at effectively reducing the exposure of children to audiovisual
commercial communications for foods and beverages containing nutrients and
substances with a nutritional or physiological effect, in particular fat,
trans-fatty acids, salt or sodium and sugars, of which excessive intakes in
the overall diet are not recommended. Those codes shall aim to provide that
such audiovisual commercial communications do not emphasise the positive
quality of the nutritional aspects of such foods and beverages.

其中提到的第9條第一項原文為：

1. Member States shall ensure that audiovisual commercial communications
provided by media service providers under their jurisdiction comply with the
following requirements:

(a) audiovisual commercial communications shall be readily recognisable as such;surreptitious audiovisual commercial communication shall be prohibited;

(b) audiovisual commercial communications shall not use subliminal techniques;

(c) audiovisual commercial communications shall not:

(i) prejudice respect for human dignity;

(ii) include or promote any discrimination based on sex, racial or ethnic origin,
nationality, religion or belief, disability, age or sexual orientation;

(iii) encourage behaviour prejudicial to health or safety;

(iv) encourage behaviour grossly prejudicial to the protection of the environment;

(d) all forms of audiovisual commercial communications for cigarettes and othertobacco products, as well as for electronic cigarettes and refill containers
shall be prohibited;

(e) audiovisual commercial communications for alcoholic beverages shall not beaimed specifically at minors and shall not encourage immoderate consumption
of such beverages;

(f) audiovisual commercial communications for medicinal products and medical
treatment available only on prescription in the Member State within whose
jurisdiction the media service provider falls shall be prohibited;

(g) audiovisual commercial communications shall not cause physical, mental ormoral detriment to minors; therefore, they shall not directly exhort minors
to buy or hire a product or service by exploiting their inexperience or
credulity, directly encourage them to persuade their parents or others to
purchase the goods or services being advertised, exploit the special trust
minors place in parents, teachers or other persons, or unreasonably show
minors in dangerous situations.

這個第二項的範圍應是獨立且不受限於第一項提到的，也就是說第三項裡面提到的
measures不只是針對未成年人、暴力組織以及刑事罪責等項目，還有包含了至少第
9條第一項的部份。

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